Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is a federal program administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA). Provides financial support to people over 65 years of age, blind or disabled with low income. Created in 1974, it does not require work history and is financed by general taxes, not previous contributions.
Its objective is to cover basic needs such as food, clothing and housing. Unlike Social Security retirement, SSI prioritizes financial need. In 2025, the maximum federal payments are $967 for an individual applicant, and up to $1,450 for eligible couples applying jointly. Both figures have the 2.5% increase in the cost of living adjustment that applies to 2025.
Eligibility requirements and resource limits for SSI benefits
To be eligible, applicants must meet three conditions: be over 65 years old, blind or have a disability; have income within established limits; and have resources less than $2,000 (individuals) or $3,000 (couples). The main residence, a vehicle, and essential goods for subsistence are excluded.
Income is classified as earned (wages) and unearned (pensions). $65 is excluded from earned income and half is excluded from the rest. For unearned income, $20 is deducted and the rest reduces SSI proportionally. People living in other people’s households and receiving free accommodation can see reductions of up to a third.
You combine SSI with retirement benefits
84% of SSI beneficiaries qualify for severe disabilities, including children whose limitations are equivalent to those of adults. About 2.5 million people combine SSI with Social Security benefits, as long as their total income does not exceed established limits.
Older adults without disabilities can access if their income is low. Additional state payments vary: some states contribute hundreds of dollars, while others, such as Arizona or North Dakota, offer no supplements.
The amount is calculated by subtracting countable income from the federal maximum. For example, an individual with $200 of unearned income receives $787 ($967 minus $180 after excluding $20). With labor income, after deducting $65 and half of the rest, the reduction is smaller to encourage partial employment.
Remember that SSI is a complementary system that can also be granted to Social Security retirement beneficiaries, particularly for those who cannot pay their living expenses with a single income. Thus, the idea of the initiative is that the beneficiaries stay away from poverty.
